The death records indicate that most of the children died of natural causes, from diseases common at the time such as TB, pneumonia and pleurisy.
Analysis of the records show that a third of those who died were aged five or under. Very few of those who died, 24 in total, were aged over 15, and most of the deaths occurred between 1870 and 1930.
Health: Latest News
Before the revolution
In the 30s, one in 20 children died before their first birthday
Sixty years ago, Britain's children were born into a dangerous world.
Every year, thousands died of infectious diseases like pneumonia, meningitis, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and polio.
Infant mortality - deaths of children before their first birthday - was around one in 20.
It took some startling medical discoveries and pioneering work from paediatricians and doctors to turn around an appalling situation.
Dr Leslie Temple: "We could do nothing" |
The early 1930s were a time of frustration for many doctors who powerlessly witnessed the deaths of thousands of babies and young children.
"When I was a student and newly qualified, there was an enormous area where we knew we could do nothing," Dr Leslie Temple remembers.
"We made the most of what little we could do, but over the vast area of childhood illness, all we could do was hold their hands and hope."
Professional attitudes
Poverty, poor diet and bad living conditions lay at the root of much childhood illness.
Harold Everley Jones: houses were hovels |
"I stood in a house to which I was called and was amazed to see the wallpaper moving due to the bugs underneath. Many of these houses were little more better than hovels." he recalls.
Antibiotic revolution
It was only in 1939 that the world's first anti-bacterial drugs, Sulphonamides, became widely available.
Antibiotics like penicillin changed everything |
The second antibiotic to be developed, Streptomycin in 1947, tackled the horrors of TB.
In 1960, a vaccination to protect against Polio was introduced to British shores from the United States.
A child had a mirror above the lung to see behind |
The iron lung was used for the worst polio cases, where the chest muscles and diaphragm were paralysed, and the patient would suffocate without assisted respiration. The machine breathed for them.
Simon Parrit spent 14 months in hospital, much of that time inside the mechanical lung.
"I won't say I liked being in it, but it was like a very safe environment that's breathing for you.
"My life was lived through a mirror. I had a mirror over the iron lung and you could see the world through the mirror, back-to-front."
Dr Beryl Corner: halved mortality rates |
Post-war Britain concentrated its medicinal effort on new born babies; Britain's second premature baby unit was set up at Bristol's Southmead hospital, under the auspices of a leading paediatrician, Dr Beryl Corner.
With a measly budget of £100 - enough for just six cots - Dr Corner and her team halved mortality rates for the babies in their care within a year of being established.
Dr Corner also won fame and accolades for her profession when she successfully assisted in the delivery of the world's first quadruplets to be born by Caesarean; the birth of the Good sisters became an international news story.
All the quads survived |
The births were regarded as a triumph for intensive care, especially since the fourth baby was not breathing when she was delivered.
"We had no resuscitation equipment then such as we know it now.
"But I had a sucker that I sucked with a rubber tube down the baby's throat, and after about four or five minutes the baby cried and breathed; and she lived," says Dr Corner.
Speed of change
Few can comprehend the advances made in healthcare over the last sixty years.
"It's difficult for people now to imagine a world without antibiotics, in which people died of infection all the time," says Dr Leslie Temple.
In the decade before the polio vaccine was introduced there were 45,000 cases. Since 1985 there have been fewer than 40. The other diseases that blighted children's lives have also all but gone, or are easily treated.
The infant mortality rate last year was 10 times less than in the late 1930's.
Dr Temple says: "We no longer expect children to die of common disease or to be crippled by them."
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One in twenty, 5% of children died in their first year, I will see if I can find figures for the rest of childhood but percentage of children who died of natural causes in childhood was certainly quite a bit higher than that which was reported last weekend as being a scandal when it happened in a Catholic orphanage. I will also remind you that you can read the paper I cited yesterday for more information about those figures and you can look at the truly scandalous science of the eminent and respected and lauded British scientist, member of the Fabians, Karl Pearson, The Intensity of Natural Selection In Man, in which he tacitly advocates a high infant and early childhood mortality rate as good for the human species. Note that even Dr. Arthur Newsholme, who Pearson is arguing against because his view of the salubrity of infant and early child mortality doesn't attribute the level of benefit that Pearson asserted, even Newsholme blithely talked about it "weeding out the weaklings". Such is the ingrained habit in Britain, long learned by the regime of hatred of the poor, the ill and the merely unfortunate which is incorporated in the class system and the law. That is what Darwin turned into science through his theory of natural selection and elevated the deaths of such children into a modern virtue.
And he was hardly the only member of the English Language scientific, medical, intellectual establishment to hold that position, it wasn't uncommon in those who accepted the beliefs of Charles Darwin and Francis Galton, not to mention Ernst Haeckel. Pearson positively cites the work of Alfred Ploetz, in Germany, who had already become a convinced antiSemite due to his Darwinism and who would supply the Nazis with a good deal of their scientific support for their racial genocide as well as the kind he shared, wholeheartedly with members of the British elite, from what was considered the far right to more centrist icons such as Winston Churchill to what was, in contemporary British terms, the far left, such as Karl Pearson.
If you want an example of the depravity of such thinking, consider that the hero of so many English language intellectuals on the alleged left, especially among "free thinkers" and atheists, George Bernard Shaw went from giving entertaining speeches about the desirability of mass gassings more than a quarter of a century before the Nazis put his dream into practice, to writing his pathological preface to his late play, On the Rocks, which was, if anything, even more enthusiastic about mass murders, such as were happening in the Soviet Union under Stalin and as Hitler was in power and preparing his country for doing the same. That such thinking was all the rage among European intellectuals in the rise of modernism is proven by their acceptance of Shaw as some kind of moral personage. In 1925, well into his period of advocating gassing huge numbers in gas chambers, he was given the Nobel Prize for Literature. Here's what it says at the Nobel site, now:
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925 was awarded to George Bernard Shaw "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty".
"Idealism and humanity" under the modern, scientific view of things is clearly quite consonant with fascism and Nazism as well as Stalinism. Shaw is hardly the only writer and intellectual held up as a hero, now and then, as they favored fascism, Nazism Stalinism and on into the Maoist period and on to today. Modernism, with its Darwinian demotion of human life was then and as that part of modernism which was deemphasized in the recoiling horror in reaction to World War II fades , that is resurgent. It will be as long as its pathological basis remains current in the general culture.
And it's the nuns they love to bash.
I can't help connect the "nun bashing" with claims the "God of the Old Testament" is all about "smiting" (spelled it right this time!). The former is simply based on Protestant anti-Papist attitudes, the latter on plain old anti-Semitism, rising from a Christian attempt to distinguish themselves from Jews. So God in the "OT" is vengeful, wrathful, and mean, and the God of the NT is sweetness and light and joy.
ReplyDeleteIt's all bosh, as even the lightest skimming of Brueggemann (to name one scholar) will dispel. But we love our ignorance and our prejudices and cling to them like shipwreck victims clinging to flotsam to stay alive.
So it goes.
Anti-semitism is caused by Darwin. Jeebus, didn't you get the memo?
ReplyDeleteI have mentioned your reading disability that a. ignores all subtlety of distinction, b. invariably distorts things from what was said into something you can twist to mean what it didn't for your own purposes. "Simelsism" is a fair name for it because you are definitely a quintessential example of it.
DeleteAlfred Ploetz's antisemitism was a direct development of his reading of Darwin and Haeckel, scientific anti-Semitism is decisively genocidal due to Jewish identity being made into a biological trait that is inevitably passed on. He went from being a depraved but not antiSemitic Darwinist to being a Nazi on the basis of his informed knowledge of natural selection. He was hardly the only one, it was rampant in Germany, in the United States, in Britain, in the Nordic countries, etc. Anywhere natural selection is believed to be a law of nature, it's inevitable that thoughts will turn to mass murder. That's the basis of natural selection, survival of the fittest who are the murderers of those who aren't fit, Darwin himself defined natural selection in those terms.
As you know absolutely nothing about any of this except what you've seen on TV and were told as lore by post-war liars for St. Darwin, you probably know less about that than your typical fundamentalist. You definitely know less about it than William Jennings Bryan. Such stuff was the basis of his opposition to Darwinism.
Speaking of clinging to flotsam....
DeleteDid you read what your BFF said above? About anti-Semitism being the result of Christians trying to distinguish themselves from Jews?
ReplyDeleteAntisemitism predates Christianity, as I pointed out before. The first recorded attempt at genocide of Jews was under Antiochus Epiphanes, as I once told an atheist blog troll who, like your buddy, Tacitus Voltaire chose to name himself after one of the most vicious antisemites of history.
DeleteI know you know nothing about that, apparently they never taught you the story behind Hanukkah, imagine, an Irish Catholic having to tell you that in your dotage.
"The first recorded attempt at genocide of Jews was under Antiochus Epiphanes, as I once told an atheist blog troll"
DeleteEpiphanes? He was hardly the worst.
That honor goes to those two anti-semite Greek tailors in my old neighborhood.
Euripides and Eumenides.
Jeesh, that one was antique when my dear old Latin teacher first learned it in the late 19th century. Georgie Jessel was as S. J. Perleman to you a Perle man was to Georgie Jessel.
DeleteMore proof that you have no idea what humor, let alone Jewish humor, is or how it works.
DeleteExplain how it works, Simps.
DeleteNow, as you run away and cower under the most minimal of challenges to back up what you said, I've got to peel some turnips. I'm expecting they'll have more intellectual substance than whatever you type out next.
That's exactly it, you hick nitwit. If you have to explain humor, it isn't funny.
DeleteLet's try this one.
A Jewish guy gets hit by a car. A good samaritan props him up on the curb and says "Are you comfortable?"
The Jewish guy replies "I make a living."
If you don't understand why that's hilarious there's no hope for you.
You've accomplished one thing, I never thought I'd ever suspect I'd been unfair to Dick Morris.
DeleteLike you know the difference between Dick Morris and Morris the Cat.
DeleteI know you couldn't think up a better dodge than that pathetic attempt even if you took hours to do it. I don't mind you proving you're a dolt over and over again but, as is the way with dolts, it gets old, fast.
DeleteIf I hadn't known a Dick when I saw one, I'd have learned to spot one on site after I became familiar with you.
Je repete -- if you feel some obligation to explain humor, you don't know why things are funny.
DeleteYou'll never be funny, Sparky. You'll never be capable of what anybody but you considers amusing, witty or satiric. I will leave you now, until you next embarrass yourself, to stew in your own bitter, bilious juices. Try a limerick -- I'm sure that will help.
:-)
"Je repete," if you could pronounce it the right way it would be more useful to you than, "Je comprends". Definitely more than any pickup line would be, I mean, I've seen your picture. You couldn't get a date at a necrophila bar because there are some things so far gone even they wouldn't touch.
DeleteOh, Simps, you know what's not funny? Hearing someone claim they're funny, you've laid that egg so many times it's the ambient smell over at Duncan's.
What you know from Hanukkah is what you know from straight boys, girls, rock n roll and comedy, I.e, absolutely dick.
ReplyDeleteWell, I obviously know it was about the defeat of a genocidal campaign to wipe out Judaism well before the birth of Jesus, something you obviously didn't. See, that's the kind of thing that can happen when, you know, you, read something. Or didn't they emphasize reading in your school.
DeleteYou know, dopey, if you and "Zod" knew shit about the history of education, you'd know that compulsory education of children was pretty much first instituted in Judea in the 1st century CE by a high priest-politician. Just as it began in what would become the United States out of religious motives including in what, after 1820, would become Maine. The town I grew up in had one of the oldest public school systems in the country. I'd forgotten about that until I mentioned something about my go round with someone I know. Long before they started the same in the NYC area
Shows what you know. Hanukkah is about getting presents eight nights in a row, and eating chocolate candy coins wrapped in gold foil.
ReplyDeleteKind of like Christmas with a candelabra instead of a tree. And none of the fake good will to men bullshit.
Such depths of knowledge. Here, let me find my micrometer.
DeleteEver light a menorah, Sparky? I mean, without burning your house down?
ReplyDeleteI take that back, it was unfair to Georgie Jessel. You're more what Dick Morris is to Kurt Godel.
DeleteI have had only a passing knowledge of Shaw, limited to his most famous plays. The Shaw Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake is within easy driving distance and has been recommended by many. But after reading the intro to On the Rocks, I couldn't imagine ever wanting to see anything remotely associated with Shaw. That is the writing of someone utterly lacking a moral center, depraved in his indifference to hang life. Horrid doesn't even begin to describe such writing.
ReplyDelete