Once the great scholar of Zen Buddhism, Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki, attended a gathering of western philosophers in Hawaii. The topic was "reality". While the other philosophers went on and on about reality this and reality that, Suzuki just sat there. One of the accounts I recall also said he seemed annoyed but he said nothing. Finally the chairman said, "You've been silent for the whole meeting. Would you like to say something about reality?" But D. T. Suzuki didn't say anything. The chairman said, "Well, is this table real?" Suzuki said, "Yes". Perhaps surprised by such a definite answer he asked Suzuki, "Well, in what sense is it real?" Suzuki said, "In every sense."
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I read a transcript of and listened to a rather astonishing and quite revealing attempt at an interview with the semi-pro level, University of California San Diego, "neuro-philosopher" Patricia Churchland, and am left both appalled at her conduct and wondering what it could reveal about her academic product. It's fairly obvious that Churchland couldn't really discuss her ideas with someone who didn't already accept them, something that isn't unusual among materialists. They just expect or insist that everything be weighted in their favor and ride on that. No, they definitely insist on that, pretending that any other point of view is disallowed even before the discussion begins.
Things weren't going well, she'd apparently already hung up once, and then when he called her back the interviewer, Alex Tsakiris, pointed out that she had misrepresented the opinion of the researcher into near death experience, Dr. Pin Von Lommel
Alex Tsakiris: Well, I guess one of the things I did want to ask you is in your book you ask the question, “Is there a neurobiological explanation for near-death experience?” Then you cite NDE researcher and a former guest on this show as answering that question with yes. You say that Dr. Pim Von Lommel believes the answer is yes. Is that your understanding of his research?
Dr. Patricia Churchland: Well, I think there’s certainly quite a bit of evidence that at least some near-death experiences have a neurobiological basis. Of course, we can’t be sure about all of them. Maybe you had one that doesn’t have a neurobiological basis. I wouldn’t really know, would I?
Alex Tsakiris: Well specifically, Dr. Churchland, you cite in your book that Dr. Pim Von Lommel holds that opinion. That’s clearly not the case. I mean, he’s written…
Dr. Patricia Churchland: Has he? Uh-huh (Yes).
Alex Tsakiris: Right. Do you want me to read to you what he’s written? He’s written that “The study of patients with near-death experience (and this is from The Lancet paper that you’re citing) clearly shows us that…”
[Churchland hangs up]
I'm not terribly well versed in the literature surrounding near death experience, though I've read some of what is being said. Von Lommel's name is one that I was familiar with and there is no possible way for someone who has read him to mistake his opinions for those Churchland attributed to him*. On another website Michael Prescott had this to say:
As I recall, Michael Shermer misrepresented Von Lommel's study in an article for Scientific American. He said the study supported a biological basis for NDEs, when Von Lommel's actual conclusion was the opposite. I doubt this was intentional on Shermer's part; most likely he just hadn't read the paper very carefully.
My guess is that Churchland picked up the idea there, and never looked at the primary source (Von Lommel's paper).
Which would be a very serious lapse in academic practice, the kind of thing that if a non-materilist were found doing it could dog them for the rest of their life. Only materialists are, in fact, allowed the benefit of a double standard. They grant themselves one and they are, largely, in control of much of academia and the higher end of the popular media, having bullied out other frames of reference.
You do have to hear the interview as well as read the transcript to see just how incredibly disreputably Churchland acted. An opera singer or movie actor who did what she did would be discredited by it.
One thing I find hard to believe in what was said is that Michael Shermer could have read the Lancet article at all and made that mistake by mistake. You would have to be functionally illiterate and make that mistake.
The interview is quite astonishing in what it shows about the sloppiness of Churchland's thinking. Here is the first problem I noticed with it, from the comments at Alex Tsakiris's blog
I see a really big problem with what Churchland is saying. She says,
"Ahh, okay. What always puzzled Descartes is if there is an independent non-physical soul, how does it interact with the physical brain? The problem with dualism is that nobody has ever been able to address that in a meaningful, testable way."
1. If consciousness isn't physical, there is no reason to expect that it would have the same properties as physical matter, it would seem unreasonable to expect it to because then it would be the same thing as physical matter. If it is different it's unreasonable to expect to understand it in the same terms as physical matter.
2, The "tests" are all designed to address physical entities with the properties of physical entities, they would be inadequate to address non-physical entities. For all anyone knows, nonphysical entities could interact directly with matter in ways different than physical objects and forces react with other physical objects and forces. It's quite possible that they constantly interact with them or some of them, such as our bodies, and we don't have the ability "to address them in a meaningful, testable way".
3. That it is inconvenient to the needs of materialist academics that those can't be tested in the way that academics have decided is the only way they will accept that, through the narrow filter of the physical sciences, doesn't really matter. The convenience of academics doesn't determine the nature of reality, no matter how much they like to pretend it does. Dualism isn't disproven, it's merely unfashionable. And it isn't necessarily the only alternative, it's just one that has some history due to Descartes' fame.
She, like every materialist I've ever encountered, insists on everyone limiting themselves to her preferred framing, no one is obligated to limit themselves that way.
Here's a new law, of the kind that people like to bandy around online to show how up to date and modernistic they are.
NO ACADEMIC WHO DEBUNKS CONSCIOUSNESS SHOULD EVER BE CONSIDERED AS ANYTHING BUT AS AN IDIOT AND A RIDICULOUS HYPOCRITE.
Churchland and her husband Paul Churchland are kind of big deals in the minor philosophical school called "eliminative materialism," a sibling of the discredited but hardly discontinued school, logical positivism**. Those aren't so much intellectual efforts to discern the nature of reality as they are ideological attempts to outlaw ideas their proponents don't like. They are a bullying effort. The logical positivists were, and, let's be honest, are big on declaring ideas they don't like to be nonsensical or meaningless by fiat, when it's clear that those ideas have very definite meanings to the people who discuss them and anyone who doesn't agree with them but are quite able to argue against them as well as for them. It is a rather low level intellectual pretense, but apparently that has been the best that materialism can do with those annoyingly persistent things like consciousness and freedom and peoples' experience that leads them to think that they can think.
The bigger problem, as a clearly shocked Alex Tsakiris noted after Churchland's last hang up, this kind of thing is the majority position in academia, today.
What’s going on here? How have we devolved into a scientific and academic system that props up such nonsense?
Again, the really scary thing about Dr. Churchland is that her opinion is the status quo majority opinion. It’s nonsensical; it’s indefensible, but it’s the majority opinion. And don’t question it.
And if that's the case for academia, it's even more the case for the lazy, ignorant climbers on lower levels of culture, such as the media. The massively qualified researcher, Dr. Dean Radin noted that recently, as well. Massively more qualified to even be taken seriously than either of the Churchlands, that is.
I'm old enough to remember when you could talk to people with college education about ideas outside of the materialist straight jacket and not have eyes ceremonially roll up and condescending dismissal in lieu of discussion happen. That has changed as post-literacy has taken hold. We aren't in some new age of scientifically improved intellectual discourse, we are in an age when a pretense of science, especially the softest of soft quasi-science, such as the Churchlands represent, are an Index Prohibitorum, not a lamp of reason. I hate to look back at the 1960s and even 1970s as even a silver age in the culture of the educated class but this period is definitely one for which fool's gold is the more appropriate metallic standard.
* With lack of evidence for any other theories for NDE, the thus far assumed, but never proven, concept that consciousness and memories are localised in the brain should be discussed. How could a clear consciousness outside one's body be experienced at the moment that the brain no longer functions during a period of clinical death with flat EEG?22 Also, in cardiac arrest the EEG usually becomes flat in most cases within about 10 s from onset of syncope.29,30 Furthermore, blind people have described veridical perception during out-of-body experiences at the time of this experience.31 NDE pushes at the limits of medical ideas about the range of human consciousness and the mind-brain relation.
Another theory holds that NDE might be a changing state of consciousness (transcendence), in which identity, cognition, and emotion function independently from the unconscious body, but retain the possibility of non-sensory perception.7,8,22,28,31
Research should be concentrated on the effort to explain scientifically the occurrence and content of NDE. Research should be focused on certain specific elements of NDE, such as out-of-body experiences and other verifiable aspects. Finally, the theory and background of transcendence should be included as a part of an explanatory framework for these experiences.
Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands Lommel et al. 2001 Lancet
** Logical positivism, discredited in the early to middle decades of the last century lives on as the favorite of the atheist-materialists and their mirror identity as the pseudo-skeptics. Many scientists who try to retire into those industries hold some sort of folk log-pos ideas, phrases, really, as the sum total of their knowledge of philosophy. Scientists should either spend the time to master some philosophy, including what has been discredited by both science and, more definitively, mathematics, or they should not expose themselves as ignorant by declaiming on such matters. It will impress the ignorant but not anyone who knows even as little as I do about it.
Maybe you had one that doesn’t have a neurobiological basis. I wouldn’t really know, would I?
ReplyDeleteso long as you insist all experience is reducible only to a neurobiological basis, no, you wouldn't know.
Does that mean all experience is "mystical" and "metaphysical"? No; but it doesn't mean it's all merely brain impulses, either. The problem with the "neurobiology only" argument is that it's the "Dial 'F' for Frankenstein" thesis of Clarke's short story: link together enough neurons (or telephones, in Clarke's story) and "consciousness" somehow "arises" (even the metaphor of ascension is suspect, here). How does that happen? Can't say. Complexity, maybe; critical mass, maybe. Just does, because what else you got?
Hasn't happened yet with the internet, but you know, it will... maybe.
FYI, a very good article at Salon right now on Christian fundamentalism and atheism.
ReplyDeleteAnd because that Salon story sent me back to Eagleton's review of The God Delusion, this sums up my attitude about New Atheists (although I've said it often before, myself):
ReplyDeleteImagine someone holding forth on biology whose only knowledge of the subject is the Book of British Birds, and you have a rough idea of what it feels like to read Richard Dawkins on theology. Card-carrying rationalists like Dawkins, who is the nearest thing to a professional atheist we have had since Bertrand Russell, are in one sense the least well-equipped to understand what they castigate, since they don’t believe there is anything there to be understood, or at least anything worth understanding. This is why they invariably come up with vulgar caricatures of religious faith that would make a first-year theology student wince. The more they detest religion, the more ill-informed their criticisms of it tend to be. If they were asked to pass judgment on phenomenology or the geopolitics of South Asia, they would no doubt bone up on the question as assiduously as they could. When it comes to theology, however, any shoddy old travesty will pass muster. These days, theology is the queen of the sciences in a rather less august sense of the word than in its medieval heyday.
Pretty much EOD, for me.
I went to the first link (and I just want to carry on this conversation here, as much as I can) and while I sympathize a bit with Churchland, who might have felt sandbagged, I have to say for a "Professor of Philosophy" not to be ready to answer questions as simple as this makes me wonder what she does in the classroom. Does she walk out? Tell the student to shut up if ever that student wants to pass her course? Shrug and say "Who the hell knows?"
ReplyDeleteI think a lot of people are more comfortable with Daniel Dennett and Richard Dawkins’ okay, consciousness is an illusion than they are with this middle ground. I don’t really know how that answers the big questions of what the nature of consciousness is other than just to repeat that consciousness is something that the brain does. That doesn’t tell us much. How does it begin? When does it end? What’s necessary and sufficient to cause consciousness? These are all questions that are unanswered by what you’re saying.
Dr. Patricia Churchland: Well, neuroscience hasn’t got all the answers yet.
Alex Tsakiris: But that’s just passing the buck. We don’t have the answers. Those are fundamental questions. If we don’t have the answers then we don’t have a theory of what consciousness is, right?
The "theory" of evolution is not that all the facts are in, but that the answers provided by observation support the theory of why: of the fossil record, of variety of species, etc. But theory has to be based on facts, so if neuroscience has no answers as to what consciousness is, except it can't be metaphysical because....
Well, that's no answer at all. That is merely "passing the buck."
This conversation hasn't, either, moved past Hume's 19th century observations about consciousness (that it is an illusion, at least according to Dawkins and Dennett, who really don't know enough about the subject to know how ignorant they are). My problem with Hume's conclusion is: who is perceiving the illusion of consciousness? That illusion is known to: what? The illusion itself? Brain cells? Neurochemistry? Can we even define "consciousness" so we know what the illusion is that we all have? And by "define" I mean a scientific definition similar to the definition of a meter, not "self-awareness" (what is this "self" of which we are "aware"?)
Of course, now I'm running into Suzuki's epistemological buzz saw, but if I'm going to continue this discussion in Churchland's vocabulary, what choice do I have?
I dunno; a professor of philosophy who seems stone ignorant of phenomenology, I gotta wonder how she got the job.....
Really, all we can say is that consciousness is associated with the brain, at least materially. Beyond that, until we can say what consciousness is (in materialist, scientific, empirical terms), I still think we've run up against the reductio ad absurdum identified by Godel (which put an end to logical positivism, though the ignorant quarters have yet to get the news. And they think the "Dark Ages" were ignorant!): any formal system (such as empiricism, if not logical positivism) can generate questions it cannot provide answers for. Science can import the concept of consciousness and then declare it knowable only in "scientific" terms, but then it can't even begin to define the term in scientific vocabulary, and to the extent it does, the result is reductionist in the extreme.
And the answer is: "Until we know more, we don't know enough to define it yet."
REALLY?!!???!!!!! That's some catch, that Catch-22.
I have to speak up for Alex Tsakiris who has often had materialists on his podcast, he is always upfront with them as to the nature of his blog. He said the lengths to which he went to get Churchland on before, making her aware of where he was coming from.
DeleteI'll have to say, having argued with lots of materialists online, both the most ignorant of rank idiots to well known physicists and philosophers, I don't find that, when you cut through the academic babble, that any of them have been especially able to hold up their end of things. It has, gradually, led me to think that almost the entire history of academic atheism has consisted of them insisting on having everything their way from the beginning by declaring, by fiat, that there are ideas that are not to be entered into the conversation or, if they are brought up, are to be derided out of consideration. And a lot of their success has depended on 1. intimidating most academics through their ignorance of science, 2. intimidating them from insisting on the validity of non-scientific methods of discovering reliable information. That is even more the case for the even more ignorant media, the primary venue by which they have enforced their speech codes. I think a lot of the materialists, like Churchland, have gotten intellectually flabby through being able to avoid any challenge. When they get a challenge they can't deal with, they fall to pieces. Look at what happened when I challenged PZ on whether he'd cut the "host" in his desecration diorama out of copy paper.
To your first paragraph: agreed. It occurred to me that what Churchland faced was no more challenging than a Freshman philosophy class. I heard her interviewed on an NPR show, and it was obviously, by academic standards, nothing but puffballs. So....
DeleteSecond paragraph: Yup. I found even seminary professors (afraid of being accused of loopiness or being "not serious") were beholden to science in ways that were both unnecessary and unbecoming. Again, I blame the influence of ideas like Gould's "Two Magisteria," which is pretty much crap. I prefer Godel's incompleteness theorem, because systems can produce questions only other systems (not "higher," simply "different" ) can answer. All systems, IOW, fall short of the glory of God.
And most philosophy professors, or academic professionals basically, take Dawkins' attitude toward religion (he's hardly sui generis at Oxford, much less among atheists) because it's safer that way, professionally. Empiricism rules the Anglo-American school (as I've said before) and everything must bend a knee before it.
It's kind of like Suzuki explaining the reality of the table, because, really, what's to talk about there?
I've looked at Gould's accusation that Teilhard de Chardin was behind the Piltdown hoax, easily the low point of his writing and the only thing I can come up with to explain it was that Gould targeted him because he was a priest. There was really no evidence to support the accusation. Gould's NOMA ignored the fact that the many scientists, many of them among the earliest as well as the greatest scientists, kept their science in the one and only mind with which they were also religious. Considering Gould had written about the pioneering work of Nicolas Steno, a priest, then a Bishop and a candidate for canonization, it was a pretty astounding thing to ignore. There were no two-magisteria in their minds, there was almost certainly overlap in their minds, no matter how much they may have segregated religion out of their formal scientific writing.
DeleteI have, especially through my research on eugenics, come to the conclusion that atheists have not segregated their atheism from their science. Ernst Haeckel, in exactly the book that Darwin singled out for the highest praise, his "History of Creation" was explicitly an assertion of atheism as and within science, glorying in the "final triumph" of his depraved material monism that he said Darwinism was. And he went into detail as to how much of traditional morality, including the proscriptions against murder, were covered in his "science". Darwin, Thomas Huxley, anyone who read and approved of that book and others Haeckel wrote were giving their approval of the explicit insertion of ideological atheism within science with some absolutely depraved results. And that was just Haeckel. Galton made similar, though more discrete claims of Darwinism overturning morality and "all ancient authorities", though more reservedly in the British manner. Eugenics, scientific racism in its Darwinist manifestation, abiogenesis, ethology, Freudianism, behaviorism, Sociobiology, evolutionary psychology, multverse theory, other cosmological cults within science, when you look at the assertions of those SCIENTISTS talking as scientists who obviously have inserted their ideology into their science the ruse that they keep it separate is an enormous lie. And, unlike any possible attempt to insert religion within the formal literature of science, no one bats an eye at the blatant insertion of atheism within religion.
change that last "religion" into "science".
DeleteI can't wait to get this damned cast off. They tell me my fingers are fine but my range of motion in the arm will be considerably less. We'll see. I doubt I'll play piano like I used to.
I think it was at the Salon article I linked above that I came across a reference to William Jennings Bryan, who gets short shrift in that article. Bryan was a critic of Darwin precisely because (as you have pointed out) "Social Darwinism" was at the core of Darwin's theory, not a later corruption by lesser minds.
DeleteAs you point out above, so much of materialism is about claiming privilege and denying that privilege (why else claim a privilege?) to others.
From the comments at Skeptico
ReplyDeleteMy answer to your question is that the current academic system would rather take any position (no matter how nonsensical and anti-intellectual) than admit data and/or conclusions that would support a theistic worldview over against an atheistic materialistic worldview. I think it's that simple.
I think that's exactly right, especially in Anglo-American philosophical circles. The only way you can begin to discuss such matters is in terms of phenomenology, and even that school of philosophy is considered so ridiculous you shouldn't bring it up. See Eagleton's review of The God Delusion, where he mentions the Oxford dons who refuse to honor Derrida, one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century.
But he's French, you know, and NOK, being (essentially) a phenomenologist. As Eagleton points out, most of those dons were probably blissfully ignorant of Derrida's work.
Sounds so familiar it's depressing....
That was a good comment. I wish I'd quoted it in the post.
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