This matter of proofs of God's existence would seem to be important to a lot of people. Proofs of God's existence are often demanded by those who really, really don't want them and are provided by those who believe they believe absolutely in a prophet who notably wasn't in the business of elucidating a proof of God's existence.
But the matter of what a proof is and what "to prove something" means is seldom considered. The common belief that this thing called a "proof" provides an objective and unambiguous certainty that "a truth" provided by the proof is a complete and entirely reliable "thing" or condition of being or historical event, complete with its retinue of supporting and related "things"(quite often in themselves not "proven") and associated aspects of reality. It is quite often and wrongly asserted that science provides proof of this or that. Which is a claim made on their behalf that scientists careful with their claims and language - or, more often, forced to by rigorous debate opponents - will openly disclaim. Oh, so often, their disclaimer is revealed to be disingenuous as soon as it's issued because they continue in encouraging the habit of thought that holds that science issues proof of stuff. I will mention in passing that I have never read or encountered an ideologically campaigning atheist-scientist who doesn't talk out of both sides of their mouth on that point.
Really careful scientists will admit that mathematicians are the ones who are in the business of providing proofs, and the even more careful will point out that it is prudent to make that claim only about pure mathematics, in which the objects "proved" are abstract entities that exist only in the minds of those with sufficient learning in mathematics to contain those entities. Which could reasonably lead someone who was either being extremely precise about the denotation of the words, or who wanted to give materialists a hard time, to say that this prime desideratum of theirs, "proof," would seem to be only available when dealing with imaginary objects and their imaginary properties. And when the materialist or "physicalist" or, almost always, rather emotional atheist, hears that and associates it with the actual object of their attack, they don't like the implications and often get really pissy.
Jesus, if I'm remembering correctly in this hour before I'm supposed to be at work, didn't provide a logical "proof" of God or what he was saying. He advised people to consult their own experience of life and events around them, to see the signs of the time. In doing that he was being honest about something hardly anyone in the "proof" business is honest about. "Proof" is a matter of being persuaded that all of those things allegedly provided by a proof in my second paragraph, proof is, in the words of the atheist and mathematician and scientist, Joseph Weizenbaum, a matter of human psychology and persuasion.
On that personal and willful act relies everything that we hold should be believed to be true and that belief should have a real effect in changing the behavior and thinking and feeling of the person who is persuaded. "Proof" "a proof" is something that is done or experienced by a person and people, its existence happens only in human minds, it is something we pretend has some independent, allegedly objective existence, when its complete reliance on us and our most subjective experience is one of the most obvious aspects of "proof". Prove that there is a proof that exists outside of human thought. Prove that any proof that isn't the product of human thought and relies for its very existence on a subjective and willful act of individual persuasion. If you can't do that then this objective, independent proof thing must be a delusion, by the very claims you make for proof and what the absence of such a proof insures. Those who make proof the object of cult like devotion and search are the ones who are the most dishonest about what proof actually is, especially its dependence on subjective thought,that it has no real and objective existence independent of that subjective thought and it is also not unrelated to human desires and subject to human self-deception.
Proof is entirely a matter of persuasion, no matter how rigorous the proof is, in the end a person has to accept the proof and, as some of the most rigorous application of proof in the past century "proved" no matter how rigorous a stickler for proof that you hold yourself to be, your proof depends on things that can't be proven, that can't even enter into this business of proof. The hero of materialists and atheists, Bertrand Russell, had to rather bitterly accept that was true, after years of some of the most rigorous thinking on the topic ever undertaken, he had to reluctantly accept it was true. And at the same time he had to gloomily and bitterly accept that was also the direction that physics, the subject that dealt most rigorously with his ultimate reality, the material universe, was headed in the same direction. Perhaps it was due to his habits of thought gained from being a mathematician that made him accept that when even so many of the physicists don't seem to be able to accept what their very science shows about the relationship of human minds and the subjects it studies. When you want to press those issues, nothing that we can say about the physical universe isn't entirely reliant on our subjective will and experience because we use our minds to even perceive the objects physics deals with and there is no absolute proof available of any of it.
The law uses the word "proof" as in "a case being proved beyond a reasonable doubt" or some such construction. The looseness with which legal "proof" is accepted is best shown by those convicted of murders and executed only, later, to have someone else confess or shown to have committed the murder. If you want to see how confident you should be in that brand of "proof" look at how prosecutors and judges who are in the dirty business of killing people that way resist looking at the quality of their proof when their actions are questioned. If you want to really look at the con job that "proof" often contains in a real life context, look at the things that someone like Antonin Scalia has said which proves how sleazy and dishonest this proof stuff can be in the hands of a sleazy and dishonest person with power. A proof that is held to be worthy of the greatest of respect and given the power to kill people can be as dishonest as that. In the hands of physicists and other scientists, those have ever more power to get us all killed than Scalia could dream of in his most megalomaniac imaginings. Such is the power and the quality of what proof provides when it is removed from the teachings of such folk as Jesus, held to be exempt from those by virtue of their higher proofyness, or something. Allowing that exemption is both illogical and insane.
No, even in this business of proof, you're stuck with making a choice on the basis of will and in the absence of the comfort that comes with a real instead of your merely imagined absolute and totally reliable truth. You're stuck with that because that's all it is, despite all imaginary assertions to the contrary.
Update: I should be out the door but it occurred to me that the question I asked yesterday, why shouldn't scientists predict that they're going to find "alien" life in the next 28 seconds as opposed to their predicted two decades, is a good illustration. Predictions of something with an expiration date of 28 seconds can be subjected to reality and stand the chance of being debunked in rather real time as opposed to that imagined world twenty years from now. By then the budget for the project they are promoting will have been spent in the lost and forgotten past, even as their almost promised results are unachieved and, likely, forgotten. I doubt that any of them still alive and working at NASA will be the ones to bring it up. They don't want to do a truth test of their sciency assertions quite on that short a time scale. The one going into six figures, not very urgent when you're asking for an appropriation in this congress. What they expect to do with these aliens they predict they are going to find might be a question to ask. As I've asked before, what if the aliens are 1. smarter than us, 2. fervently religious? What if they think our science is extremely dangerous Plutonium Age delusion? That going to impress the high and sciency?
Update: An unpublished comment says, " I never realized before that there really isn't any way to know if we are actually living in The Matrix." Apparently that's supposed to make what I said above officially stupid. I am only very vaguely aware of this "Matrix" that is referred to in the comment, since I haven't gone to see a movie in, literally more than two decades and don't do the lowest of filmed sci-fi. But if the idea that we are all in a matrix is stupid then he unwittingly agrees with me about contemporary cosmology since a kind of"matrix" universe is all the rage just now. I mean, it's published in freakin' Nature! But, then, everything he says is unwitting. About that hologram stuff, I doubt it and I doubt it will last five years. Which would seem to be about as long as any scheme of cosmology lasts these days.
When you want to press those issues, nothing that we can say about the physical universe isn't entirely reliant on our subjective will and experience because we use our minds to even perceive the objects physics deals with and there is no absolute proof available of any of it.
ReplyDeleteDavid Hume, the great empiricist, came to this conclusion in the 18th century: that we could only "prove" the truth of statements like "This rock is heavy." And all other statements were merely subjective and unprovable, like "I love my wife."
So, concluded Hume, we can state banal things, or talk about things we can't establish empirically; and that's all we can do. This was Kant's primary concern with Hume, but Hume was right and even Kant couldn't put Humpty Dumpty completely back together again.
So whenever I encounter an "atheist" in comments who insists the whole "problem" of God is that God's existence cannot be "proven," I know I'm dealing with a 1st grader, and the amount of education it will take to make them realize that's not only not the right question, but they don't even understand the nature of God as asserted by theists, just isn't worth the discussion.
Much less can I explain to them how Godel and Wittgenstein destroyed Russell's logical positivism so thoroughly that Whitehead's work after Prinicipia Mathematica became the basis for a new field of theology.
If Hume annoyed me enough I'd ask for a definition of "heavy" and how you could determine if the rock were, indeed, heavy or it was merely heavier than a rock that was "light".
DeleteOnline atheists who identify improvability as being the "problem with God" is lying, they'd hate it even more if God were provable. Their problem is that they hate the very idea of God or are pissed off over their upbringing or because the God of their clan or clique isn't the most widely accepted definition of God or because people in the know know that people who believe in God have cooties - that last one is the real most common reason for atheism of the most commonly encountered type. I think it's the entire reason Sean Carroll is an atheist, he doesn't seem to have any good reasons for being one that I've read or heard. I think Larry Krauss went from a more reasonable form of atheism to the one he pushes today was partly social and partly a career move. Lots of scientists who get to be too old for their field, in his it's pretty young, turn to atheism as a golden parachute. It's why Dawkins turned to it as the problems with his evo-psy kept mounting. I even think it's why Russell turned to it after his last best hope, Wittgenstein, declined to try to save his legacy. And none of those on the scene today are a Russell. Who would have heard of Associate Professor at the University of Minnesota at Morris Paul Zachary Meyers if he hadn't become famous for being an atheist know nothing? I've looked at his publications record which is pretty pathetic. I could compare it to a really fine and respected research biologist I know who couldn't get a faculty appointment, hers was vastly more impressive and widely cited. But I shouldn't get onto that topic. PZ would be entirely obscure if it hadn't been for his career in bigotry.
One other: "Proof" in the American legal system is a carefully defined (but still loose) concept determined within a specific set of rules and circumstances. The jury in a trial is the finder of fact, and proof "beyond a reasonable doubt" in a criminal case, or by a preponderance of the evidence (a lesser standard) in a civil case is established by the conclusions of the jury. What is true in the case is what the jury says is true, and no appellate court can undo the facts the jury finds.
ReplyDeleteHow those facts affect the law, however, is up to the courts. Proof is a bedrock concept, in other words, but it isn't the end of the pursuit; and it only applies to the facts placed into evidence, under the rules of evidence (part of that system of rules I mentioned).
As for the unpublished comment, the burden of proof, of course, is to demonstrate there IS a "Matrix."
ReplyDeleteWhat your original post is discussing is not that far removed from Descartes' skepticism, which came to rest on the cogito, not because Descartes considered that a profound insight, but only because the only end of skepticism is to realize something must be solid, and all the individual can truly know is their own self-awareness.
Add a dose of Kierkegaard's analysis of irony in the dialogues of Socrates, and you're well on the way to modern Western philosophy.
But if you're only point of reference is movies......